Challenge.

The Manifestation Challenge: The Debate between McDowell and Wright

In this paper, we will discuss what is called “Manifestation Challenge” to semantic realism, which was originally developed by Michael Dummett and has been further refined by Crispin Wright. According to this challenge, semantic realism has to meet the requirement that knowledge of meaning must be publically manifested in linguistic behaviour. In this regard, we will introduce and evaluate John...

Prophet and Pagans: from the Challenge of Knowledge to the Challenge of Identity

From the early beginning of his mission, the Prophet of Islam (pbuh) was ordered to introduce the God, who had come to his knowledge, to the pagans inhabited in Mecca and invite them to the monotheism and unitarianism. He knew that the racked intellectual and social structure of Mecca will create some difficulties in the way of his mission. In spite of the obstacle, which method was selected by...

Investigating the relationship between intelligence believes and academic dishonesty: mediating role af academic challenge.

Introduction: Academic dishonesty has spread widely among students in different countries, which has led to adverse consequences in the field of education in different societies. ¬ Gray was an academic challenge. Methods: The research was correlational and path analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students of Ahvaz University in the academic year of 1996-97, in whi...

Self-Assessment as a New Challenge in Iranian Context: Its Strengths and Weaknesses

The Chinese Healthcare Challenge; Comment on “Shanghai Rising: Avoidable Mortality as Measured by Avoidable Mortality since 2000”

Investments in the extension of health insurance coverage, the strengthening of public health services, as well as primary care and better hospitals, highlights the emerging role of healthcare as part of China’s new growth regime, based on an expansion of services, and redistributive policies. Such investments, apart from their central role in terms of relief for low-income people, serve to reb...

The Relative Levels of Neutralizing and Precipitating Antibodies Against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus and Their Correlation with Resistance to a Highly Virulent Challenge Strain